Vocab Building
For CAT ,CLAT, IPM

  What is the meaning of  " Cynosure " ?  

 

 

  What is the meaning of  " Impasse " ?  

Word: Impasse

  What is the meaning of  " Surmise " ?  

"Surmise"

"Nadir"
Mean:
Nadir refers to the lowest point in a situation or condition, often used metaphorically to describe the most challenging or unfortunate point in someone's life or in a particular context.

Origin:
The word "nadir" originates from the Arabic word "naẓīr," which means "opposite." It was adopted into Medieval Latin as "nadir" and then entered the English language in the late 14th century. Originally, it was used in the context of astronomy to describe the point on the celestial sphere directly opposite the zenith (the highest point in the sky).

Synonyms: Low point, Rock bottom, Depths, Bottom, Trough
Antonyms: Zenith,Peak,Pinnacle,Summit, Apex

Usage in Examples:

1. Personal Life:
   "After losing his job and going through a painful divorce, John felt he had reached the nadir of his life."
2. Career Context:
   "The company's profits hit their nadir in 2023, marking the worst financial performance in a decade."
3. Historical Context:
   "The economy's nadir during the Great Depression left millions unemployed and struggling."
4. Emotional State:
   "After months of depression, she believed she had finally reached her emotional nadir, from which recovery seemed impossible."

• In literature, nadir is often used to symbolize a character's darkest hour or the lowest point in a narrative arc. This moment usually precedes a turning point or the beginning of a recovery or redemption arc. In tragedies, the nadir might represent the ultimate downfall of a character, while in stories of growth or heroism, it serves as the lowest point before the protagonist rises again.

 

What is the meaning of  " Namby Pamby "  ? 

"Namby-Pamby"

Mean:
Adjective: Weak, feeble, or lacking in character; excessively sentimental or insipid.
Noun: A person who is weak, indecisive, or overly sentimental.

Origin 

The term "namby-pamby" originated in the early 18th century as a mocking nickname for the English poet Ambrose Philips. Philips was known for writing sentimental and overly delicate verse, particularly in his poems dedicated to children. The nickname "Namby-Pamby" was coined by the poet Henry Carey in 1725, in a satirical poem that criticized Philips' work for being overly simplistic and lacking in vigor.

Synonyms

Adjective: Weak, feeble, insipid, spineless, wishy-washy, soppy, sentimental, mawkish.
Noun: Weakling, pushover, wimp, softie, milksop, crybaby.

Antonyms

Adjective: Strong, robust, decisive, forceful, vigorous, tough, resilient.
Noun: Strongman, toughie, stalwart, powerhouse, go-getter.

Usage in Sentences

Adjective: "The novel was criticized for its namby-pamby portrayal of the main character, who seemed incapable of making any tough decisions."

Noun: "Don’t be such a namby-pamby; stand up for yourself and make your voice heard!"

Example

Imagine someone who avoids conflicts at all costs, even when it’s necessary to stand up for what’s right. If this person continuously backs down and allows others to push them around, they might be described as a "namby-pamby" in both behavior and character.

 
What is the meaning of  " Nubilous "  ? 

"Nubilous"

Mean:
Literal: Cloudy, misty, or foggy; characterized by clouds or haze.
Figurative: Obscure, unclear, or vague; difficult to understand or interpret.

Origin:
The word "nubilous" comes from the Latin word "nūbilus," meaning "cloudy." "Nūbilus" itself is derived from "nubes," meaning "cloud."

Synonyms:
Literal: Cloudy,Misty,Foggy,Overcast,,Hazy
Figurative:Obscure,Vague,Ambiguous,Unclear, Indistinct

Antonyms:
Literal: Clear,Bright,Sunny
Figurative: Clear,Lucid,Transparent,Obvious,Distinct

Usage in Sentences:
Literal Usage: 
1. The mountain peak was hidden by nubilous skies, making it impossible to see the summit."
2.Driving through the nubilous weather, she could barely make out the road ahead."

Figurative Usage:
1.The professor’s explanation was so nubilous that the students left the lecture more confused than when they arrived."
2.His intentions remained nubilous, leaving everyone uncertain about his true motives."

Figurative Use Examples: 
In Literature: "Her dreams were nubilous, filled with images and thoughts that she couldn’t quite grasp upon waking."
In Discussions: "The politician’s promises were nubilous, offering little in the way of concrete plans or actions."
In Art Criticism: "The artist’s nubilous brushstrokes created a sense of mystery, as if the subject was shrouded in mist."

"Nubilous" can be used to describe both physical atmospheres, like a misty landscape, and abstract concepts, such as unclear ideas or ambiguous intentions. Its use in a figurative sense often conveys a sense of mystery or uncertainty, making it a powerful word for describing situations or concepts that are not easily understood.

 What is the meaning of  " Sagacity "  ? 

"Sagacity"

Meaning:
Sagacity refers to the quality of being discerning, wise, and having keen mental judgment. It is the ability to make sound decisions and judgments with deep understanding and insight.

Origin:
The word "sagacity" comes from the Latin word sagacitas, which derives from sagax meaning "wise" or "shrewd." The term has been in use in English since the 16th century, emphasizing the qualities of wisdom and acute perception.

Synonyms:
Wisdom ,Insight, Discernment, Acumen,Prudence,Shrewdness,Foresight

Antonyms: 
Foolishness,Stupidity,Ignorance,Naivety,Shortsightedness,Impulsiveness

Usage in a Sentence: 

1. "The CEO's sagacity in navigating the company through economic turmoil saved it from bankruptcy."
2. "Her sagacity was evident in the way she handled the complex negotiations."

 

What is the meaning of  " Scuffle "  ? 

"Scuffle"

Mean:
Noun: A short, confused fight or struggle at close quarters.
Verb: Engage in a short, confused fight or struggle.

Origin:
The word "scuffle" originated in the late 16th century. It comes from the Old Norse word "skúfa," meaning "to push away or thrust aside." Over time, the term evolved to represent a physical confrontation involving pushing or shoving.

Synonyms:
Noun: Struggle, tussle, brawl, fracas, skirmish, melee
Verb: Grapple, wrestle, tussle, brawl, fight, scramble

Antonyms:
Noun: Peace, harmony, calm, truce
Verb: Agree, cooperate, reconcile

Usage:
Noun: "There was a brief scuffle between the two players before the referee intervened."
Verb: "The protesters scuffled with the police during the demonstration."

Examples:
Noun: "The scuffle in the alley attracted the attention of the nearby residents."
Verb: "They scuffled over the last piece of cake, each refusing to give in."

What is the meaning of  " Impugn "  ? 

"Impugn"
Mean:
Impugn (verb): To dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of a statement, claim, or motive; to call into question or challenge.

• The lawyer sought to impugn the credibility of the witness by highlighting inconsistencies in their testimony.
• Critics often impugn the motives of political figures, questioning whether their actions are genuinely in the public's interest.
• The scientist's reputation was called into question when a rival attempted to impugn the integrity of his research findings.
• Despite efforts to impugn the new policy, it was widely supported by the public.
• She felt the need to defend herself when her honesty was impugned during the meeting.
   

1. Impugn is often used in formal contexts, particularly in legal, academic, or political settings.
2. The act of impugning usually involves questioning something with the intent of discrediting or casting doubt.

 

 What is the meaning of  " Beacon "  ? 

"Beacon"
Mean:
1. Noun:

• A guiding or warning signal: Typically a light or fire set up in a high or prominent position as a signal or guide, such as a lighthouse beacon for ships.
• A source of inspiration or guidance: Something that provides encouragement, direction, or hope.

• To signal or guide: To act as a beacon or to light up as a signal.

1. "The lighthouse served as a beacon for ships navigating through the dangerous waters."
2. "Her actions became a beacon of hope for the entire community during difficult times."

1. "The campfire beaconed the lost hikers back to safety."

1. As a guiding signal: "The beacon on the hilltop was visible from miles away, guiding travelers safely through the night."
2. As a source of inspiration: "Martin Luther King Jr. is considered a beacon of the civil rights movement."
3. Metaphorical use: "The new policy serves as a beacon of progress for other nations to follow."

What is the meaning of  " Brazen "  ?  

Mean: "Brazen"
The term "brazen" is often used to describe actions or behaviors that are unusually bold, to the point of being disrespectful or reckless.
Brazen is an adjective that means bold and without shame. It is often used to describe someone who acts in a shamelessly bold manner, typically in a way that is considered disrespectful or defiant.

Origin:
The word "brazen" comes from the Old English word "bræsen", which means "made of brass." Brass is a metal alloy that was historically associated with boldness and strength, leading to the word’s figurative use to describe a person’s shameless audacity or boldness.

Synonyms for "Brazen"
Bold, Shameless, Audacious, Impudent,Brash, Unashamed, Defiant, Forward.

Antonyms for "Brazen"
Shy, Timid, Modest, Humble, Reserved, Subdued, Discreet, Reticent

Usage in Sentences
1. The student's brazen disregard for the rules shocked the entire classroom.
2. She made a brazen attempt to steal the spotlight during the presentation.
3. Despite being caught red-handed, he remained brazen and unapologetic.
4. The brazen behavior of the protesters drew widespread attention from the media.
5. His brazen lies eventually caught up with him, leading to his downfall.
6. The term "brazen" is often used to describe actions or behaviors that are unusually bold, to the point of being disrespectful or reckless.


 What is the meaning of  " Quid pro quo"  ?  

"Quid pro quo"
Mean: 
Quid pro quo is a Latin phrase that translates to "something for something" or "this for that." It refers to an exchange of goods, services, or favors, where one transfer is contingent upon the other. It implies a reciprocal relationship where something is given or received in return for something else.
Origin
The phrase quid pro quo originated from Latin, with the earliest usage tracing back to the medieval period in the context of apothecaries (pharmacists) who would offer one medication in place of another. Over time, it evolved to represent any kind of reciprocal exchange, especially in legal, business, and political contexts.
Synonyms: 
Reciprocity, Exchange, Trade-off, Barter, Swap, Tit for tat, Give-and-take
Antonyms
Gratuitousness (something given freely without expectation of return), Unilateral, Charity, Gift, Altruism, Selflessness
Usage in Sentences
1. In Business: "The merger was contingent on a quid pro quo arrangement where both companies agreed to share their respective technologies."
2.In Politics: "The diplomat sought a quid pro quo deal, offering trade concessions in exchange for support on the international resolution."
3.In Everyday Life: "John offered to help Sarah with her math homework as a quid pro quo for her assistance with his science project."
4.In Legal Terms: "The court case focused on whether the politician's actions constituted a quid pro quo exchange for campaign donations."
5. In Workplace Settings: "The intern's promotion was questioned as a possible quid pro quo for personal favors to the manager."
 

What is the meaning of  " Melancholic "  ?  
 

"Melancholic"

Mean:
Melancholic refers to a state characterized by deep sadness or gloominess. It is often used to describe a mood or tone that is reflective, pensive, and sorrowful. This word can also be used to describe a temperament that is naturally inclined towards sadness or introspection.

Origin
The word melancholic originates from the Latin word melancholia, which is derived from the Greek word melan meaning "black," and cholé meaning "bile." In ancient and medieval medicine, it was believed that an excess of black bile in the body caused a melancholic temperament, which was associated with sadness and depression.

Synonyms
Sad, Gloomy,  Sorrowful, Pensive, Mournful, Despondent, Doleful.

Antonyms
Cheerful, Joyful, Happy, Optimistic, Buoyant, Upbeat, Usage in Sentences, General

Usage:
1. After the funeral, a melancholic silence filled the room as everyone reflected on the memories of their lost friend.
2. The artist's paintings often have a melancholic quality, capturing the beauty and sadness of fleeting moments.

As a Tone in Literature:
1. In the novel, the author uses a melancholic tone to convey the protagonist's deep sense of loss and longing for the past.
2. The poem's melancholic tone underscores the themes of nostalgia and regret, making the reader feel the weight of the poet's emotions.

Usage in Literature
In literature, a melancholic tone is often used to create an atmosphere of sadness or introspection. It can be employed to evoke empathy from the reader or to explore themes of loss, loneliness, and the passage of time. Authors may use descriptive language, somber imagery, and reflective dialogue to establish a melancholic tone in their works.

For example:
1. "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald often employs a melancholic tone to highlight the unfulfilled dreams and disillusionment of its characters.
2. In poetry, John Keats’ "Ode to a Nightingale" conveys a melancholic tone as the speaker reflects on the transient nature of life and beauty.

The melancholic tone adds depth and emotional resonance, allowing readers to connect with the characters' inner struggles and the broader themes of the narrative.

 What is the meaning of  Burgeon ?  

"Burgeon"

Mean:
Burgeon (verb) means to grow or develop rapidly; to flourish.
The word "burgeon" vividly conveys the idea of something that is rapidly growing and expanding, often with a sense of natural and vigorous development.

Origin :
The word "burgeon" originates from the Old French word "burjoiuner," which means to bud or sprout. It came into English in the late Middle Ages, around the 14th century.

Synonyms:
Flourish
Thrive
Prosper
Bloom
Expand
Increase
Sprout
Blossom
Proliferate

Antonyms
Decline
Diminish
Wither
Shrink
Decrease
Fade
Languish

Usage

1. The tech industry continues to burgeon, creating numerous job opportunities.
2. Literary usage: "As spring arrived, the flowers began to burgeon, filling the garden with vibrant colors."
3. In a business context: The startup's innovative approach allowed it to burgeon in a highly competitive market.
4. Describing personal growth: Her interest in photography began to burgeon after she received her first camera.
5. In a social context: The small town burgeoned into a bustling city over the course of a few decades.

 

What is the meaning of  Parsimony ?  

 "Parsimony"

Mean:
Parsimony refers to the quality of being very unwilling to spend money or use resources; extreme frugality or stinginess.

Origin: 
The word "parsimony" originates from the Latin word "parsimonia," which means thrift or frugality. It was derived from "parsus," the past participle of "parcere," meaning to spare or to be sparing.

Synonyms: 
Stinginess
Miserliness
Niggardliness
Thrift
Frugality
Economy
Penuriousness
Tightfistedness

Antonyms:
Generosity
Liberality
Extravagance
Profligacy
Lavishness
Spendthriftiness
Bountifulness

Usage in Sentences
1. Despite his great wealth, John's parsimony was well-known, as he always avoided spending money on unnecessary luxuries.
2. The company's parsimony in maintaining equipment led to frequent breakdowns and higher costs in the long run.
3. She admired her grandmother's parsimony, a trait that had allowed her to save a substantial amount of money over the years.
4. His parsimony was often mistaken for wisdom, but it was actually a result of his fear of financial insecurity.
5. The parsimony of the new budget was evident, as the organization cut down on all non-essential expenditures.
6. In summary, parsimony is closely associated with being economical to an extreme extent, often viewed negatively as stinginess or positively as frugality, depending on context.

 

What is the meaning of  Inimical ?  

"Inimical"

Origin:
 The word "inimical" originates from the Latin word "inimicus," which means "hostile" or "unfriendly."

Mean:

"Inimical" is an adjective used to describe something that is harmful or hostile, something that tends to obstruct or oppose. It denotes a state of being adverse or unfriendly.

Synonyms:
Hostile
Antagonistic
Adverse
Unfriendly
Harmful
Detrimental
Opposed

Antonyms:
Friendly
Supportive
Beneficial
Favorable
Harmonious

Usage and Example Sentences:
1. The harsh weather conditions were inimical to our plans for a picnic.
2. His inimical attitude towards the new policy created tension within the team.
3. Pollution is often seen as inimical to the health of urban populations.
4. The bitter rivalry between the two companies led to an inimical business environment.
5. The presence of invasive species is inimical to the native ecosystem of the island.

What is the meaning of  Imeldific ?  

"imeldific"
Mean:
The word "imeldific" is derived from the name Imelda, specifically referencing Imelda Marcos, the former First Lady of the Philippines known for her extravagant lifestyle and extensive collection of shoes. The term "imeldific" has come to mean excessively extravagant, opulent, or ostentatious, often in a way that is perceived as extravagant to the point of being excessive or out of touch with reality.

Origin:
The term originates from Imelda Marcos, who was notorious for her lavish spending and luxurious tastes during her time in power.

Synonyms:
Extravagant
Lavish
Over-the-top
Excessive
Opulent
Antonyms:
Simple
Modest
Plain
Frugal
Usage:
Her parties were known for their imeldific display of wealth and luxury.
The mansion they built was an imeldific testament to their newfound riches.
The wedding ceremony was criticized for its imeldific expenditures.
Examples:
1. The hotel suite they booked for the weekend was imeldific, with its panoramic views and private butler service.
2. The wedding dress she wore was a masterpiece of imeldific design, adorned with crystals and pearls from top to bottom.
3. The charity gala was criticized for its imeldific nature, with guests arriving in limousines and wearing designer gowns worth thousands of dollars.
4. In essence, "imeldific" encapsulates the concept of excessive wealth and luxury, often in a way that stands out conspicuously and sometimes controversially.

 What is the meaning of  Garner ?

"Garner"
Mean:
Garner (verb): To gather or collect (something, especially information or approval).

Origin: 
The word "garner" comes from the Latin word "granarium," meaning "granary" or "storehouse for grain." It passed into Old French as "gerner," and then into Middle English in the 14th century.

Synonyms:
Gather
Collect
Accumulate
Amass
Acquire
Harvest
Reap

Antonyms:
Disperse
Scatter
Distribute
Disband
Dissipate
Dispel

Usage: 
"Garner" is typically used in a positive context to indicate the collection of something valuable, such as information, support, or resources.

Examples in Sentences:

The scientist garnered widespread acclaim for her groundbreaking research on climate change.

1. He managed to garner enough votes to win the election.
2. The company has garnered a lot of positive reviews for its new product line.
3. She has garnered a reputation as a talented and dedicated teacher.
4. The project aims to garner support from local communities.
5. By gathering more context and examples, you can better understand the nuances of how "garner" is used in different situations.

 

What is the meaning of  Mayhem ?

"Mayhem"

Mean: 
Mayhem refers to violent or extreme disorder, chaos, and confusion, often involving damage or injury. It is a term that conveys a sense of wild, uncontrolled havoc.

Origin:
The word "mayhem" has its origins in the Old French term "mahem," which means "a wound or mutilation." It was later adopted into Middle English as "maihem" or "mahem," with a legal connotation referring to the crime of intentionally injuring someone to the point of impairing their physical capabilities. Over time, the meaning broadened to encompass general chaos and disorder.

Synonyms:
Chaos
Havoc
Pandemonium
Bedlam
Turmoil
Disorder
Anarchy
Riot
Uproar
Commotion

Antonyms:
Order
Peace
Calm
Harmony
Tranquility
Serenity
Organization
Quiet
Control
Stability

Usage: 
Literal Use:
The violent protest quickly descended into mayhem, with property being destroyed and people getting injured.
Figurative Use:
The introduction of the new policy caused mayhem in the office as employees scrambled to adjust to the changes.
Casual Use: 
The kids created mayhem in the house while their parents were out, leaving toys and food scattered everywhere.
Historical Use:
Medieval battles often resulted in mayhem, with soldiers suffering grievous wounds on the battlefield.
 

What is the meaning of  Conjure ?

"Conjure"
Mean:
To call upon or command (a spirit or ghost) by invocation or spell.
To produce or bring about as if by magic.
To summon or bring into being as if by magic.
To bring to mind; recall (usually used with "up").
To affect or influence by or as if by invocation or spell.

Origin:
Middle English "conjuren," from Old French "conjurer," from Latin "coniūrāre," meaning to swear together, conspire. "Con-" means together, and "iūrāre" means to swear.

Synonyms:
Summon
Invoke
Produce
Create
Evoke
Call forth

Antonyms:
Dispel
Banish
Dismiss
Ignore
Repel

Usage in Sentences:
Historical/Mythical Context:
1. The wizard attempted to conjure a powerful spirit to aid him in his quest.
Everyday Context:
2. She managed to conjure up a delicious meal from the few ingredients left in the pantry.
Mental Imagery:
3. The old photographs conjured up memories of her childhood.
Metaphorical/Idiom:
4. The politician's speech was designed to conjure fears among the electorate.

 
What is the meaning of  Riposte ?

"Riposte"
Mean:
Riposte (noun and verb):Noun: A quick and clever reply to an insult or criticism.
Verb: To make a quick and clever reply to an insult or criticism.

 

What is the meaning of  Glade ?  

"Glade"

Mean:
Glade (noun): An open space in a forest, usually grassy and free from trees.
Origin:
The word "glade" originates from the Old English word "glæd," meaning "bright" or "shining." It is related to the Old Norse word "glad," meaning "clear" or "bright."

Synonyms: 
Clearing
Meadow
Opening
Pasture
Field

Antonyms :
Thicket
Forest
Wood
Jungle
Grove

Usage:
1. The hikers rested in a sunny glade, enjoying the open space amidst the dense forest.
2. Deer often graze in the glade, taking advantage of the lush, open area.
3. She found a peaceful glade and decided it was the perfect spot for a picnic.
Example Sentence: 
The children ran through the forest and stumbled upon a beautiful glade bathed in sunlight.
 

What is the meaning of  Congregation ? 
 

"Congregation"
Mean:
A group of people assembled for religious worship.
A gathering or collection of people, animals, or things.

Origin:
The word "congregation" comes from the Latin word congregatio, which means "a flock, swarm, society." It is derived from congregare, which means "to herd together, collect in a flock, assemble." The Latin roots are con- meaning "together" and gregare meaning "to collect into a flock," from grex or gregis, meaning "a flock."

Synonyms
Assembly
Gathering
Group
Audience
Meeting
Congregate
Flock
Crowd

Antonyms
Dispersion
Separation
Isolation
Disbandment
Solitude

Usage in Sentences
Religious Context:
The congregation gathered in the church for Sunday service."
General Gathering:
A large congregation of fans awaited the band outside the stadium."
Animal Context:
"There was a congregation of birds at the lake, ready to migrate south for the winter."
Abstract Usage:
The congregation of ideas from different disciplines led to an innovative solution."
 

What is the meaning of  Conjure ?  

"Conjure"
1. Mean:
Primary Meaning:
To make (something) appear unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere as if by magic.
To call upon (a spirit or ghost) to appear by means of a magic ritual.
Secondary Meanings:
To bring to mind; recall (a memory or image).
To call upon or entreat solemnly, especially by an oath.
2. Origin:
The word "conjure" comes from the Old French word conjurer, which means "to invoke" or "to cast a spell." This, in turn, is derived from the Latin conjurare, meaning "to swear together" or "to conspire." The Latin root breaks down into con- (together) and jurare (to swear).

3. Synonyms:
Summon
Invoke
Produce
Materialize
Evoke
Call forth

4. Antonyms:
Banish
Dispel
Dismiss
Exorcise
Expel

5. Usage in Sentences
1. Primary Meaning:
The magician managed to conjure a rabbit out of his hat.
The shaman attempted to conjure spirits to aid in the healing ritual.
2. Secondary Meaning:
The smell of fresh cookies conjures memories of my grandmother's kitchen.
She could conjure a convincing argument for any side of a debate.

6. Example Sentence with Context
1. In literature: "The witch muttered an incantation, hoping to conjure a storm to protect her from the approaching enemies."
2. In everyday speech: "Just the mention of summer conjures images of beach trips and barbecues."

What is the meaning of  Double Entendre  ?  

"Double Entendre"
1. Mean:
A double entendre is a figure of speech or a particular way of phrasing that is devised to be understood in two ways, typically with one meaning being more obvious and straightforward, and the other being more subtle, often risque, or humorous. The secondary meaning usually has a humorous, ironic, or inappropriate undertone.
2. Origin:
The term double entendre is derived from French, meaning "double meaning." Although the phrase is French, the exact term "double entendre" is not commonly used in modern French. Instead, they use "double sens." The term has been adopted into English with the same implication of a phrase having two interpretations.
3. Synonyms
Innuendo
Ambiguity
Pun
Wordplay
Equivocation
4. Antonyms
Clarity
Unambiguity
Explicitness
Directness

5. Usage:
i) Literary Context:
Authors often use double entendres to add layers of meaning to their works, engaging readers to find the underlying messages or humor.
Example:
Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their use of double entendres, such as in "Much Ado About Nothing," where characters frequently engage in wordplay with double meanings.

ii) Everyday Speech:
Double entendres are commonly used in jokes and casual conversation to add a humorous or provocative twist.
Example: "If I said you had a beautiful body, would you hold it against me?" This classic line uses a double entendre where the phrase "hold it against me" has both a literal and suggestive meaning.

iii) Advertising and Media:
Advertisers and media creators use double entendres to catch attention and make their messages more memorable.
Example: A restaurant ad might say, "Our steaks are rare, and so are our prices," playing on the double meaning of "rare."

6. Examples in Sentences
1.In Literature:
"Juliet: 'You kiss by the book.' Romeo: 'O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do; They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.'" (Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare) - The dialogue contains a double entendre where "kiss by the book" can imply both a literal and an experienced manner of kissing.|
2. In Jokes:
"Why don't some couples go to the gym? Because some relationships don't work out." The phrase "don't work out" is a double entendre, meaning both "don't exercise" and "don't succeed."
3. In Advertising:
"We’re number two. We try harder." (Avis Rent-a-Car) - This ad uses a double entendre, implying that because they are not the top company, they put in extra effort, with a subtle hint of underdog tenacity.

 

What is the meaning of  Espionage ? 

"Espionage"
Mean:
Espionage refers to the practice of spying or using spies to gather secret information about the plans and activities of a foreign government or a competing company.

Origin:
The word espionage comes from the French word "espionnage," which is derived from "espionner" meaning "to spy." The root "espion" means "spy" and comes from the Old Italian word "spione," which in turn is derived from the Latin "specio," meaning "to look" or "to observe."

Synonyms:
Spying
Intelligence gathering
Surveillance
Reconnaissance
Undercover work
Covert operations

Antonyms:
Transparency
Openness
Honesty
Candor

Usage:
1. The government conducted espionage to uncover the enemy's plans.
2. He was arrested for engaging in espionage against his own country.
3. The movie depicts a thrilling tale of espionage and counterintelligence.
4. Corporate espionage has become a significant concern in the tech industry.
5. The Cold War era was marked by intense espionage activities between the superpowers.

Example Sentences:
1. The agency was tasked with both counter-espionage and foreign espionage missions.
2. She was accused of committing espionage after classified documents were found in her possession.
3. Advances in technology have dramatically changed the methods used in espionage.
4. Historical records reveal that espionage played a crucial role in the outcome of World War II.
5. The novel's plot revolves around international espionage and political intrigue.
 

 
What is the meaning of  Cachet  ? 

Mean:
A distinguishing mark or feature: A sign or indication of high status or prestige.
Official seal: A seal or stamp used to authenticate documents, often associated with authority or approval.
Prestige or distinction: The state of being respected or admired; a quality that gives something special value or status.

Origin
The word "cachet" comes from the French word "cachet," which means "seal" or "stamp." This, in turn, derives from the Old French verb "cachier" meaning "to press or seal," which is related to the Latin word "coactare," meaning "to force together."

Synonyms:
Prestige
Distinction
Status
Renown
Eminence
Recognition
Repute

Antonyms
Obscurity
Anonymity
Insignificance
Disrepute
Unimportance

Usage
Distinguishing mark or feature:
1. The elegant design of the new hotel has given it a certain cachet among travelers.

Official seal:
1. The document bore the cachet of the royal family, making it a highly valued artifact."

Prestige or distinction:
1. Winning the Nobel Prize added significant cachet to the scientist's already impressive career.

Example Sentences
1. Her jewelry collection includes pieces from renowned designers that add a certain cachet to her style.
2. The cachet of graduating from an Ivy League university can open many doors in the professional world.
3. The new restaurant has quickly gained cachet due to its innovative cuisine and exceptional service.

 What is the meaning of  Lip service  ? 

"Lip Service"
Mean:
"Lip service" refers to insincere agreement, support, or praise, which is given verbally but is not backed up by actions or genuine commitment. It's when someone says they support something but their actions indicate otherwise.
Origin:
The phrase "lip service" dates back to at least the 1600s. It combines the word "lip," referring to speech or words, with "service," indicating an act of assistance or favor. The phrase suggests that the service offered is only in words, not in deed.
Synonyms:
Empty words
Insincere praise
Tokenism
Faint praise
Hollow words
Antonyms:
Genuine support
Sincere commitment
Authentic praise
True devotion
Earnest effort
Usage:
1. Despite the company's claims of commitment to environmental sustainability, their efforts have amounted to little more than lip service.
2. The politician's promises to improve healthcare were seen as mere lip service by many of her constituents.
3. He paid lip service to the importance of teamwork but continued to make unilateral decisions.
4. She received plenty of lip service from her colleagues, but no one actually helped her with the project.
5. The management's talk about valuing employees often felt like lip service, as their policies didn't reflect those values.
 

What is the meaning of   Hawkish   ? 

"Hawkish"
The term "hawkish" is often used in political and economic contexts to describe an attitude or policy stance that is aggressive, warlike, or in favor of using military force. Here is a detailed breakdown of the word's meaning, origin, synonyms, antonyms, and usage:
Mean:

Political/Military Context: In politics, "hawkish" refers to someone who advocates for a strong, aggressive military policy and favors the use of force to resolve international conflicts.
Economic Context: In economics, particularly in monetary policy, "hawkish" describes a stance that prioritizes controlling inflation, often through higher interest rates, and may involve a more stringent or conservative approach to monetary policy.
Origin:
The term "hawkish" derives from the word "hawk," which, in this context, refers to the bird of prey known for its sharp vision and aggressive hunting tactics. The figurative use of "hawk" to describe aggressive war policies dates back to the mid-20th century. The term was popularized during the Vietnam War era, when political discourse frequently involved "hawks" (pro-war advocates) and "doves" (pro-peace advocates).
Synonyms:
Political Context: Aggressive, belligerent, militant, warlike.
Economic Context: Anti-inflationary, stringent, conservative (monetary policy).
Antonyms:
Political Context: Dovish, pacifist, peace-loving, conciliatory.
Economic Context: Dovish, accommodative, expansionary (monetary policy).
Usage:
Political Context:
1. The senator has a hawkish stance on national security, supporting increased military spending.
2. Hawkish rhetoric from the government has raised concerns about potential conflicts with neighboring countries.
Economic Context:
"The central bank's hawkish approach indicates a likelihood of interest rate hikes to curb inflation."
"Investors reacted to the hawkish comments from the Federal Reserve, anticipating tighter monetary policy."
Summary:
"Hawkish" is an adjective used to describe an aggressive, assertive stance in political and economic policies, often advocating for military action or strict monetary measures. Its origins lie in the metaphorical use of "hawk" to signify aggression, particularly in contrast to "dovish" attitudes that favor peace and accommodation.

 

What is the meaning of   Fiasco  ? 

"Fiasco"

Mean:
A complete failure, especially one that is humiliating or ludicrous

Synonyms:
Disaster
Debacle
Catastrophe
Flop

Usage:
1. The event was a complete fiasco due to poor planning and bad weather.
2. What started as a minor issue quickly turned into a full-blown fiasco.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' Beleaguered ' ?  

"Beleaguered"
Mean:
Experiencing a lot of difficulties, opposition, or criticism; surrounded by troubles or under severe pressure.

Synonyms:
Besieged
Troubled
Under pressure
Harassed
Usage:
1.  The beleaguered CEO stepped down after months of public criticism and declining company performance.
2. The small town felt beleaguered by the recent string of natural disasters.

 

What is the meaning of  ' Suo Moto ' ?  

"Suo Moto"
Mean:
Latin for "on its own motion," this term is used to describe actions taken by a court or other legal authority without a formal request from another party.

Synonyms:
On its own initiative
Self-initiated

Usage:
1. The Supreme Court took suo moto cognizance of the environmental pollution issue.
2. A judge may act suo moto to address a potential miscarriage of justice.
 

What is the meaning of ' Hot Potato ' ?

" Hot Potato"

Mean:
A controversial or difficult issue that no one wants to deal with because it is likely to cause trouble or be embarrassing.

Synonyms:
Controversial issue
Difficult problem
Sticky situation

Usage:
"The new policy has become a political hot potato, with neither side willing to address it directly."
"The proposed tax increase is a hot potato that the government is trying to avoid discussing."
 

What is the meaning of 'Boomerang ' ?

"boomerang"

Mean:
A "boomerang" is a curved, flat tool traditionally used as a weapon or hunting implement, which, when thrown correctly, returns to the thrower. It is also used metaphorically to describe situations where actions have repercussions that come back to the originator.
Synonyms:
Throwing stick
Returning stick (for traditional boomerangs)
Antonyms:
Stationary object
Non-returning object

Usage in sentences:
Literal use: "He threw the boomerang, and it gracefully arched through the air, returning to his hand."
Metaphorical use: "His harsh words boomeranged back to him when he realized how much they had hurt his friends."
Figurative use: "The company's unethical practices eventually boomeranged, resulting in a public relations disaster."

In these examples, the word "boomerang" is used both in its traditional sense and its metaphorical sense, demonstrating how actions or behaviors can come back to affect the originator.

 What is the meaning of 'kryptonite ' ?

 ‘kryptonite’First, let us deal with the pronunciation of ‘kryptonite’. The first syllable rhymes with ‘trip’ and ‘grip’, and the final ‘nite’ is pronounced like the word ‘night’. The vowel in the second syllable is like the ‘a’ in ‘china’. The word is pronounced ‘KRIP-te-night’ with the stress on the first syllable.
People who have read the comic books or watched the movies featuring the exploits of Superman know that he was born on Krypton. When the planet exploded, kryptonite or the radioactive material from it, was hurled into space. Superman’s enemies discovered that kryptonite was the only thing that could be used to either hurt or kill him. In everyday contexts, the word ‘kryptonite’ is used to refer to someone’s weakness or something that can be used to hurt someone who is strong. It has more or less the same meaning as ‘Achilles heel’.
Usage:

1.Many tennis buffs believe that Nadal is Federer’s kryptonite.
2.When I was in school, Hindi was my kryptonite.

What is the meaning of ' a fig leaf ' 

' A fig Leaf '
Mean:
According to the Bible, when Adam and Eve tasted the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, they became aware that they were naked. In order to hide their nudity, they used fig leaves to cover themselves.
Nowadays, the expression ‘a fig leaf’ is used figuratively to mean something that is used to conceal a problem, difficulty or embarrassment.
Usage:
Voluntary retirement is just a fig leaf. The man is actually being fired.
 

 What is the meaning of  'not playing with a full deck' ?

‘not playing with a full deck’?

Mean:
The expression is mostly used to show disapproval in American English, and its use is limited to informal contexts. When you say that someone is ‘not playing with a full deck’, what you are suggesting is that the person is not bright; he is, in fact, rather dull or stupid. The expression can also suggest that the person in question is not mentally sound — in everyday language, he is ‘crazy’. The deck in the expression refers to a deck of playing cards. The person is being compared to a deck that does not contain the 52 cards that are required to play any game — something is missing in both the person and the pack of cards.
Usage:
1. I don’t wish to work with Pankaj. I don’t think he’s playing with a full deck.
2. The way she behaved at the party makes me suspect that she’s not playing with a full deck.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' strut your staff ' ?

‘strut your stuff’?

Mean:
The word ‘strut’ is normally used to refer to the manner in which an individual walks. When you ‘strut’, you are trying to get everyone to notice you; you attempt to impress others with your confident and proud walk. The expression ‘strut your stuff’ is used in informal contexts to suggest how well someone is performing in public. This individual who is good at something performs brilliantly and impresses those around him or her. The aim here is to win the approval of those watching — the person is being a show-off.

Usage:

1. Deepika and Ranveer were itching to strut their stuff on the dance floor.
2. Some of the talented people in the company got a chance to strut their stuff.

What is the meaning of expression'You're toast' ?

‘You’re toast’
The expression is mostly used in American English, and its use is limited to informal contexts.
When you tell someone he is toast, you mean that he is in serious trouble; what he has done is likely to result in his ruin. The expression can also be used to mean ‘defeated’.

Usage
1. If the global markets continue to slide, our company is toast.
2. Rahul’s career was toast the moment his boss caught him taking bribe .
3. With 110 runs to get in four overs, India is toast.

 What is the meaning of  ' sit below the salt ' ?

"Sit below the salt"

This rather old-fashioned expression is used to refer to a person of very low status. An individual who ‘sits below the salt' has little or no social standing; others generally look down upon him.
Usage:
1.As several prominent cricket players turned up for the function, the hockey players sat below the salt.
2.At the dinner party, Gangu sat below the salt with the likes of me.

This is an expression that has been around for over four hundred years.
In the past, when guests were invited to dinner, a relatively large salt shaker was placed in the middle of the long dining table. The most important people among the guests were always seated next to the host. These individuals who were seated at the host's end of the table were considered to be ‘above the salt' – in other words, they were people of very high social standing.

Guests who were of a lower rank, sat at the lower end of the table; they sat ‘below the salt'.


What is the meaning of ' la-la land'?

"la–la land"
Mean:
“La-la land is an expression used in informal contexts in American English. When you say that someone is in ‘la-la land’, you mean that the person has no clue what is going on around him. He is out of touch with reality.”“Like some of our politicians, I guess! 

Usage:
1. If you think that cricket is still a gentleman’s game, you’re living in la-la land.”
2. It’s difficult to talk to Rahul. Most of the time he’s off in la-la land.”

What is the meaning of  'turn turtle' ? 

' Turn turtle '

A turtle is a reptile like a tortoise; it has a very hard shell to protect it from its enemies and from the elements. The expression ‘turn turtle' was first used by sailors with reference to a ship or a boat. When a ship or a boat capsized, it was said to have turned turtle. Nowadays, the expression is used with all modes of transportation, not just ships and boats. Cars, trucks, and buses can turn turtle as well. Anything that flips over or turns upside down is said to have ‘turned turtle'.

Usage:
1. Several boats turned turtle during the violent storm.
2. Raj was killed when his car hit the divider and turned turtle.

According to one theory, when British sailors visited the Caribbean islands, they found that the natives caught huge sea turtles quite easily by turning them upside down. Once a turtle was on its back, it was totally helpless — just like the crew of a ship that has capsized. This explains why another meaning of the idiom is ‘vulnerable'.
 

What is the meaning of ‘cool one’s heels’? 

‘cool his heels’

The idiom is frequently used in informal contexts to mean to make someone wait. When you make someone ‘cool his heels’, you delay meeting the person; sometimes, deliberately.
The person may get irritated or angry and you wait for him to cool down.Usage:

1. The train was late, so we spent the time cooling our heels in the waiting room.
2. If you don’t behave, you’ll find yourself cooling your heels in your room.

Note:
The ‘heels’ in the expression refers to those of horses. When a horse runs fast or for a long time, the hooves heat up; the feet begin to cool when the animal is rested. With the passage of time, the expression began to be used with people who are in a hurry, but are made to wait for someone or something.

 
What is the meaning of 'hit the road' ?
‘hit the road’
The expression is frequently heard in American English in informal contexts.
When you say that you are ready to hit the road, what you mean is that you are ready to begin your journey.
In other words, you are ready to leave the place where you are now.

The expression was originally used to refer to a road trip of some kind - by car, motorcycle, bus, etc.
Another expression which has the same meaning is ‘hit the trail’.
Usage
1. If we are to reach Bengaluru by 10 o’clock, we have to hit the road early.
2. I’ve been here too long. It’s time for me to hit the road again.

 
What is the meaning of 'shooting from the hip' ?

‘shooting from the hip’
For those of us who have grown up watching westerns (cowboy films), the expression brings to mind the duel between two gunfighters. The two men would stand at a certain distance from each other, and the aim was to ‘draw’ (remove the gun from the holster) and fire as quickly and accurately as possible. The quickest way to achieve this was to fire the gun from the hip - with the gun held low and to one’s side. The problem was, it was not possible to be accurate when shooting in this manner.

Nowadays, the expression is used figuratively to mean to act impulsively. When you shoot from the hip, you say or do things without thinking things through. Like the gunfighter, whose aim is to fire the gun as quickly as possible, your aim is to respond immediately to something someone has said or done

Usage:
1. As your campaign manager, I strongly advise you to stick to the prepared script. Avoid your tendency to shoot from the hip.
2. The student became very flustered during the interview and began to shoot from the hip.

What is the meaning of 'spick and span' ?
 ‘spick and span’
When you say someone’s house that you visited was ‘spick and span’, what you are suggesting is that the house was very well maintained and very clean; you could not find dirt or dust anywhere.
The expression is a shortening of ‘spick and span new’, and it was originally used to refer to things that were brand new.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, the word ‘spick’ referred to a new nail — one that had not rusted and was still shiny. The word ‘span’ came from the Old Norse ‘span’ meaning a chip that had recently been cut from a block of wood. With the passage of time, the word ‘spick’ began to refer to a ‘spike-nail’ and ‘span’ to a wooden board. So in the old days, when you talked about a ‘spick and span ship’, you were actually talking about the new nails and the new wooden boards that had been used to build the ship. With the passage of time, however, the expression took on a new meaning — it referred to qualities normally associated with things that were new — tidiness, freshness, and so on.
Usage:
1. Sahrookh khan always keeps his car in spick and span condition.
2. The bathroom in Taj Hotel is always spick and span.

What is the meaning of 'back in the saddle' ?

‘back in the saddle’
For most of us who grew up watching Hollywood Westerns, when we hear this expression, we immediately remember the cowboy on his horse.
A ‘saddle’, as you probably know, is the leather seat that a rider puts on a horse’s back when he wishes to ride the animal.A rider who is in the saddle has total control of the animal; it will do whatever he wants it to. When someone is ‘back in the saddle’, he resumes an activity that he had temporarily given up.

Usage:
1. Who told you that I’d quit tennis? I got back in the saddle two months ago.
2. I think I’ll need some rest. I’ll get back in the saddle after a couple of weeks.

What is the meaning of 'wet one's whistle' ?

‘wet one’s whistle’
This is a relatively old idiom that has been a part of the English language for well over 600 years.
The expression is mostly used in informal contexts to mean ‘to have a drink’ or ‘to satisfy one’s thirst’.
The drink in question is usually of the strong kind — alcohol. It is also possible to say ‘to wet one’s beak’.

Usage :
1. Every weekend I visit the local pub to wet my whistle.
2. At the end of the day, we meet, discuss politics and wet our whistles/beaks.According to some scholars, the word ‘whistle’ in the idiom refers to ones’ mouth — particularly, the tongue and the throat. If the tongue and throat are dry, then it becomes impossible for an individual to whistle
 

What is the meaning of  'to go rogue' ?

 ‘to go rogue’

Mean:
The word can be used in everyday contexts to show disapproval and approval. When you call someone a ‘rogue’, you are suggesting that he is a dishonest person, someone who cannot be trusted, and is perhaps dangerous. The word can be used with things as well.

The American media, for example, frequently refer to North Korea as a ‘rogue nation’. It can also be used as a term of endearment — someone whom you find appealing, but whose behaviour or actions you do not approve of. The expression ‘to go rogue’ is mostly used in the context of politics to show disapproval. When a politician goes rogue, he does his own thing; he becomes unpredictable in his behaviour and often stops following the orders of the party high command. As far as the other members of the party are concerned, he is dangerous. When an animal or a country goes rogue, it behaves in a dangerous fashion.

Usage:.
1. Several MPs went rogue and voted against the proposed bill.

What is the meaning of 'to eat crow ' ?

‘ to eat crow ’ 

This American expression is mostly used in informal contexts to mean ‘to be humiliated’. When you are made to eat crow, you are forced to admit that you are in the wrong, and are compelled to take back the comments you had made. It has the same meaning as ‘to eat humble pie’.

Usage:
1. The experts were made to eat crow when the home team lost on the third day.
2. Rahul knows that if his plan fails, he will be made to eat crow.
Scholars believe that the expression is based on a true incident. A British officer captured an American hunter who had just shot a crow. In order to humiliate him, the Englishman ordered the American to eat a small portion of the bird. The officer then returned the gun and the bird to the hunter and told him to be on his way. The American humiliated the officer by turning the gun on him and making him eat the rest of the crow.

 

 What is the meaning of  ' cut a caper ' ?

‘cut a caper'?
Mean:
A ‘caper' is a lively skip or hop. ‘Cut a caper' literally means to leap about or dance about in a playful manner. Nowadays, the expression is mainly used to mean a ‘lively' or ‘playful' leap. Shakespeare coined this expression in Twelfth Night. The word ‘caper' rhymes with ‘paper'.
Usage:
1. When he heard that he had been promoted, Kapil cut a little caper before walking into the boss' room.
2. The expression can also be used to mean to play a trick on someone.

 

What is the meaning of  ' Sail close to the wind' ?

IDIOM:  'Sail close to the wind' 
 
Mean: 
stay only just inside the rules or the law; engage in activities that may not be illegal, but which are definitely shady. 
 Usage: 
They run some sort of scrap-metal business which is said to sail rather close to the wind and supply arms to some of the world’s more murderous military regimes.  
 Origin: 
The originally nautical idiom implied the real dangers inherent in this kind of sailing.
 

 
What is the meaning of  ' Pull one's socks up' ?

'Pull one’s socks up'

Mean: 
improve one’s previously unsatisfactory performance, behaviour, etc. 

Usage: 
1) If you’re going to be working in my department, you’d better pull your socks up, my lad - don’t think you can wander in here half-way through the morning and slip out for a two-hour lunch.

Origin: 
From the image of a slovenly schoolboy in short trousers with his socks around his ankles: smart kids were supposed to keep their socks tidily pulled up.

 

What is the meaning of ' turn a Nelson's eye ' ?

 ‘turn a Nelson's eye'?
The expression has been around for several hundred years, and it has the same meaning as ‘turn a blind eye' to something. When you turn a blind eye to a problem, you choose to deliberately ignore it; you pretend the problem does not exist.

Usage:

How can Kamal Nath turn a Nelson's eye to the rampant corruption in his department?

The Vice-Chancellor turned a Nelson's eye to the drug problem on campus.

The Nelson in the expression refers to Horatio Nelson, the inspirational British naval officer who was blind in one eye. In 1801, at Copenhagen, Nelson led the main attack against a fleet of Dutch and Norwegian ships. During the height of battle, Nelson's superior officer, Admiral Hyde Parker, signalled him to withdraw. When Nelson's men saw the signal, they informed him of it. Nelson then took out his telescope and looked through it using his blind eye. He is believed to have said, “I have only one eye, and I have the right to be blind sometimes. I really do not see the signal.” Nelson ordered his men to continue fighting, and a few hours later, after a hard fought battle, he emerged victorious.

 

What is the difference between of ' skulking and sulking ' ?

'Skulking and Sulking'
When you ‘sulk’, you are unhappy about something, and as a result, do not interact with those around you. You make it clear to everyone that you are unhappy; you sit in one corner of the room, and mope. One can be ‘in a sulk’ or one can have a ‘case of the sulks’.

Usage:
What’s wrong with Meera? She’s been sulking all morning.
Don’t go anywhere near Swami. He’s got a serious case of the sulks.

The word ‘skulk’ comes from the Norwegian ‘skulke’ meaning ‘to shirk or malinger’. In British English, the word is used to refer to someone who pretends to be unwell in order to avoid doing work. It can also be used to mean to lie in wait for someone or move about in a stealthy manner. People usually skulk when they intend to harm another person.

Usage:
Get on with the job. I know you are just skulking.
The girls panicked when they spotted three men skulking behind the building.


What is the difference ' between 'covidiot' and 'vidiot' ?

‘covidiot’ and ‘vidiot’

Of the two, ‘covidiot’ is a relatively new word. ‘Vidiot’ is a combination of two words: ‘video’ and ‘idiot’.
A ‘vidiot’ is someone who spends a lot of his/her time watching videos, without really worrying about the quality of what he/she is watching. This idiot watches indiscriminately; he/she watches whatever

he/she can lay his/her hands on. The word can also be used to refer to someone who watches a lot of TV and spends a lot of time playing video games.

Usage:
1. I’m sure all the vidiots out there are looking forward to seeing this movie.
2. During weekends, I turn into a vidiot.‘

Covidiot’, a word that was coined last year, is a combination of Covid and idiot. The covidiot is an idiot who does everything that he/she is not supposed to, when in public. He/she walks around without a mask, does not maintain social distance, and chooses not follow the other norms that we are supposed to in these trying times. The word also suggests that the individual is someone who believes that stores will run out of goods soon, and therefore buys things in bulk, and hoards them. 

Usage:

1. There were many covidiots in the supermarket today.
2. I made the mistake of getting into an argument with a covidiot.

What is the difference between ' take heart and take to heart' ?

‘take heart’ and ‘take to heart’The two expressions have very different meanings. When someone tells you something and you take his comments to heart, you take them very seriously.
Very often, the comments are about you and you find them very upsetting. The expression usually has a negative connotation. We often read in newspapers that some children, when scolded, take it to heart and commit suicide.

Usage:
1. Don’t take what Malini said to heart. She was just messing with you.
2.It's time we took to heart the committee’s recommendations.

The expression ‘take heart’, on the other hand, has a much more positive connotation; it is a form of encouragement.
When you tell someone to take heart, you are telling him to take comfort or take confidence from something.

Usage:
You didn’t win, but take heart and start preparing for the next event.

What is the difference between ' unappreciated and underappreciated ' ?

 ‘unappreciated’ and ‘underappreciated’

Both have a negative connotation; they suggest that you are not happy or satisfied about something. When the work that you do remains ‘unappreciated’, what it suggests is that you feel that people around you do not value or appreciate what you have done. They fail to acknowledge or realise the value of the work. When your colleagues ‘underappreciate’ the work you do, what it suggests is that they do not value it enough.

In this case, they do value your work, but at the back of your mind, you feel they do not give the credit that it is due. In your opinion, it could be appreciated or valued more.

Usage:
1. If you ask me, Nandini is one of the underappreciated teachers in college.
2. No matter what you do or say, Ramani always feels unappreciated.
 

What is the difference between ‘infer’ and ‘imply’?

‘infer’ and ‘imply’?

Mean:There is a big difference in meaning between the two verbs. In an everyday conversation, it is usually the speaker who ‘implies’, and based on what he has said, the listener ‘infers’.
When a speaker ‘implies’, he attempts to get his message across in an indirect manner. He does not state anything explicitly; he merely provides hints to the listener as to what the message is.

For example, instead of saying that the VC is always late for meetings, he might say, ‘The VC is not known for his punctuality’.
Using the hints, the listener reads between the lines and tries to figure out what the speaker is saying.
This process of deducing what someone has said is called ‘inference’.
When a listener ‘infers’ he tries to figure out the meaning on his own. There may be times when he completely misinterprets the message.

 

What is the difference between 'euphoric and elated ' ?

'euphoric and elated '
Mean:
In both cases, you are very happy and excited about something that has happened or is about to happen.
‘Euphoric’ suggests that you are overly happy, and the contentment that you are feeling is temporary; it is going to be short-lived. The word comes from the Greek ‘euphoros’ meaning ‘borne well, healthy’. It was first used to refer to the temporary sense of well-being that drugs and medicines induced in a patient.
When you are ‘elated’ about something, you are extremely happy about it; you are absolutely delighted with the success or the good fortune that has come your way. It is not a case of exaggerated happiness.

Usage:
1.Shruthi’s parents were elated when she was made captain.
2.The players were euphoric after winning the championship.
 

What is the difference between 'nepotism and favouritism ' ?

‘nepotism’ and ‘favouritism’

In both cases, you are showing preferential treatment to a person or a group of people. In the case of ‘favouritism’, you could be showing your support to someone who may or may not be related to you. When we were in school, we often felt that the teacher was showing favouritism towards a certain student — in other words, she gave him special treatment; treated him differently from the way she treated others. Parents are often accused of showing favouritism when it comes to their sons. We are all guilty of showing favouritism. The word, ‘nepotism’, on the other hand, comes from the Latin ‘nepos’ meaning ‘nephew’, and it is mostly used in the context of business and politics. When a politician uses his power in an unfair manner to promote his children or people who are related to him, he is accused of nepotism; it is favouritism based on kinship.

1. The Chief Minister was accused of nepotism when he appointed his daughter as Deputy Chief Minister.
2. My maths teacher never showed any favouritism towards anyone.

 What is the difference between 'conceited and proud' ?

‘conceited’ and ‘proud’
The word ‘conceited’ always has a negative connotation. A conceited person thinks very highly of himself and may refuse to mingle with those around him.
When he does talk, it will always be about himself — his achievements, his hobbies, his abilities, etc. He tends to be an ‘I’ specialist! 
Unlike ‘conceited’, the word ‘proud’ can be used to show both approval and disapproval. It has both a positive and a negative meaning.

A person who is pleased with his achievement can say that he is ‘proud’ of it. Unlike an individual who is conceited, a person can be proud of someone else’s achievements as well.
‘Proud’, like ‘conceited’, can also be used to refer to someone who thinks no end of himself. There is, however, a difference in degree.
Some dictionaries define conceited as being ‘excessively proud’.
Usage:
1. I refuse to team up with that conceited man.
2. Jaya Bachhan is a proud and arrogant woman.
3. I’m proud to win this championship for the sixth time.

What is the difference between 'Cackle and laugh' ?

 ‘cackle’ and ‘laugh’Of the two, ‘laugh’ is a general term and can be used in various contexts. There are different kinds of laughter; one can laugh loudly or softly.
‘Cackle’, on the other hand, suggests a particular type of laughter. When a person cackles, he laughs in a loud manner; people around can hear the laughter and some may involuntarily shudder for it sounds rather high pitched and harsh. In our films, it is usually the evil witch who has this kind of laughter.When you describe someone’s laughter as being a ‘cackle’, you are showing disapproval.

Usage:

1. As I climbed the stairs, I heard my grandmother and her friends cackling in the drawing room.
2. How can you marry someone who cackles like a witch?

What is the difference between 'officious and official' ?

‘officious’ and ‘official’
The word ‘official’ is frequently used in everyday contexts to refer to someone who has the authority or the power to do something.
People talk about ‘police official’, ‘government official’, and so on. The word can be used as a noun and an adjective when you talk about the ‘official spokesperson’ of a political party, you mean that he is the authorised or appointed individual.
The word ‘officious’ (e-FISH-es), on the other hand, is used only as an adjective, and it has a rather negative meaning. When you say that someone is ‘officious’, you mean that he is an official who asserts his authority very aggressively even in the case of trivial matters. This individual has an inflated opinion about his importance. The word has another meaning as well someone who meddles in other people’s business can also be called ‘officious’.

Usage:
1. The officious clerk seldom looked at people and always sounded rude.
2. What I like about Dilip’s parents is that they’re seldom officious.
3. Be confident, not officious.
 

 

What is the difference between 'amend' and 'emend' ?

‘amend’ and ‘emend’

Both words have the stress on the second syllable, but unlike ‘amend’, ‘emend’ is seldom used in everyday contexts nowadays.
In terms of meaning, it does not have the wide range that ‘amend’ does.

Emend is mostly used in the context of writing; when you ‘emend’ a document, you edit it. You improve the quality of the text by removing the errors — spelling, grammar, punctuation, and so on, in it.

When you ‘amend’ a document, in addition to carrying out the required language corrections, you may also bring about changes in the content. You may choose to change the organisation or include new information; it is possible to ‘amend’ a document that is error free. MPs and MLAs often talk about ‘amending’ a law. The word, unlike ‘emend’, can be used with people as well. It is possible for one to amend or change one’s behaviour.

Usage
1. This badly written dissertation needs to be emended.
2. I don’t believe this is the time to amend the Constitution.

 

  DO YOU KNOW ? 

What is the difference between 'haggle and bargain' ?

‘haggle’ and ‘bargain'
When you ‘bargain’ or ‘haggle’ over the price of something with someone, you would like the individual to sell the product to you at a lower or reasonable price.
Of the two, the word ‘haggle’ has a negative connotation. It suggests that you are being rather petty and are arguing with the individual in a loud manner.
‘Bargaining’, on the other hand, suggests that it is more of a negotiation than an argument. One can bargain without raising one’s voice.

Usage
1. I don’t like it when my mother haggles with the vegetable vendors.
2. The price is rather steep. Are you willing to bargain?
 

What is the difference between 'sneer and jeer ' ?

‘sneer’ and ‘jeer’

When you ‘sneer’ or ‘jeer’ at an individual, you are being very rude to him. A ‘sneer’ is the contemptuous look on your face that clearly shows that you have no respect for the person you are talking to — your expression says it all! This look is usually accompanied by a wounding remark. You say something in a manner that hurts the individual.

Jeering is what usually happens to people who are on stage — a politician giving a speech, an actor performing, a cricketer arguing with the umpire, etc. In all these cases, the spectators/members of the audience show their contempt for the person by loudly booing him/her. Mocking a person, shouting abuses at him, and laughing at him are all examples of ‘jeering’.

Usage
1. My uncle sneered when I told him my marks.
2. “How much does your useless husband make in a year?” she sneered.
3. Sarita became nervous when the audience started to jeer at us.
4. The spectators began to jeer the home team.
 

 

What is the difference between 'envelope and envelop ' ?

 ‘envelope’ and ‘envelop’
‘Envelope’ is a noun and ‘envelop’ is a verb.
 The two words are pronounced very differently. The first syllable of the noun is pronounced like the ‘en’ in ‘pen’, ‘ten’ and ‘hen’, while the last syllable rhymes with ‘slope’, ‘cope’ and ‘hope’. One way of pronouncing this word is ‘EN-ve-lope’ with the stress on the first syllable.
An envelope is what we in India call a ‘cover’— we usually put documents, cards, invitations, etc. in it.

Usage
1. I’m looking for an envelope to put these documents in.|
In the case of the verb, the first syllable is pronounced like the ‘in’ in ‘pin’, ‘chin’ and ‘tin’ and the following ‘e’ like the ‘e’ in ‘set’ and ‘bet’. The vowel in the final syllable sounds like the ‘a’ in ‘china’. The word, in this case, is pronounced ‘in-VE-lep’ with the stress on the second syllable. It means to cover or surround something completely.

Usage
1. Within a matter of seconds, the fire had enveloped the house.
 

 

 

 
What is the meaning of 'minion' ?

‘minion’
The word is pronounced ‘MIN-yen’ with the stress on the first syllable.

Mean:
A minion is an underling; he is an insignificant person with little or no authority.
He works for someone who is important and merely does as he is told.
In movies,
for example, the villain usually surrounds himself with minions. The word is used to show disapproval.

Usage:
1. Rajiv sent one of his minions to hand over the package.
2. Ria treats my friend Pankaj like her minion.
 

 

What is the meaning of 'frazzle ' ?

 ‘frazzle'
Mean:
This word which rhymes with ‘razzle' and ‘dazzle' is mostly used in informal contexts to mean ‘completely exhausted' or ‘completely burnt'. It can be used both as a noun and an adjective.

Usage:
1. Shalini had worn herself to a frazzle looking after her ailing father.
2. By the time Veda got off the phone, the curry had been burnt to a frazzle.
3. Rajan looked frazzled before the meeting with his boss.
 

What is the meaning of 'Debonair' ?

'Debonair'
First see How the word ‘debonair’ is pronounced.
The ‘e’ in the first syllable of this old-fashioned word is like the ‘e’ in ‘set’, ‘pet’ and ‘get’, and the following ‘o’ sounds like the ‘a’ in ‘china’. The final syllable rhymes with ‘bare’, ‘care’ and ‘share’. The word is pronounced ‘deb-e-NARE’ with the stress on the third syllable.
It comes from the French ‘de bon’ aire’ meaning ‘of good race’. Nowadays, the word is mostly used with men. When you refer to a man as being ‘debonair’, what you are suggesting is that he is a charming, confident and stylishly dressed individual. Ladies are usually drawn to his charm and sophistication.

Usage:
1. Who’s the debonair man in the three-piece suit?
2. Girls swooned when the debonair professor walked into the classroom.
 

What is the meaning of 'Uber ' ?

“Uber "
Uber is the name of a taxi company, isn’t it? Why...”
Uber’ is actually a German word meaning ‘over’. It is frequently used nowadays in English before nouns to mean ‘extremely’ or ‘super’.
When used with a person, you mean that he is a great example of something.”

Usage:
1. Uberbatsman Virat Kohli will score atleast three centuries in the series.
2. It was a star-studded event. But uberstar Amitabh was missing.”
3. Rajiv wants to buy his wife an uber expensive car.
4. Ubermillionaire Raju is very careful with his money.

What is the meaning of ' Humongous ' ?

‘Humongous’ 
First, let us deal with the pronunciation of ‘humongous’. The first syllable rhymes with ‘dew’, new’ and ‘few’, and the second with the words ‘sung’, ‘dung’ and ‘rung’. The ‘ous’ in the final syllable is like the ‘a’ in ‘china’.
The word is pronounced ‘hyu-MUNG-es’ with the stress on the second syllable.

Mean:
Unlike ‘huge’, the word is mostly limited to informal contexts. When you say that something is ‘humongous’, you are suggesting that the object is enormous.
It suggests that it is bigger in size than ‘huge’. The word is a combination of ‘huge’ and ‘monstrous’.

Usage:
1. Mr President lives in a humongous house in Delhi .
2. My favourite film Dilwale Dulhania le jayengey (DDLJ ) was a humongous hit.

What is the meaning of 'minion' ?

‘minion’
The word is pronounced ‘MIN-yen’ with the stress on the first syllable.
A minion is an underling; he is an insignificant person with little or no authority.
He works for someone who is important and merely does as he is told.
In movies,
for example, the villain usually surrounds himself with minions. The word is used to show disapproval.

Usage:
1. Rajiv sent one of his minions to hand over the package.
2. Ria treats my friend Pankaj like her minion.
 

What is the meaning of 'nonchalant' ?

‘ nonchalant’
First see , How the word ‘nonchalant’ is pronounced.

The first syllable is pronounced like the word ‘non’ and the remaining two vowels sound like the ‘a’ in ‘China’. The ‘ch’ is like the ‘sh’ in ‘ship’, ‘sheep’ and ‘shoe’.
One way of pronouncing the word is ‘NON-she-lent’ with the stress on the first syllable. It comes from the French term ‘noncholoir’ meaning ‘to be indifferent to someone’.

Mean:
The word is normally used with people. When you say that someone is nonchalant about something, what you are suggesting is that he looks relaxed and does not display any sense of anxiety or worry.
He looks and acts as if he does not have a care in the world.

Usage

1. The champion glided to the net and put away the volley with nonchalant ease.
2. Sandeep talked in such a nonchalant manner at the condolence meeting that it made many people extremely angry.
 

What is the meaning of 'Acting pricey '?

‘acting pricey’
This expression is heard only in India, and it is used to mean ‘to play hard to get’. When you begin to act pricey, you become a kind of snob; you refuse to make time for your friends.
You seem less interested in the people you were close to earlier — at least, that is the impression you give. No matter how many times someone calls, you refuse to respond.

Usage
1. I don’t understand why Saurabh is acting so pricey all of a sudden.
2. If Mahesh tries to act pricey, tell him to go jump in a lake.

Do you know ?
IDIOM: Time on one’s hands 
Mean:  Time to spare if one is not busy
Usage: He’s very active in the scouts and he has a morning paper round before school, so he hasn’t got much spare time on his hands.
 

 

What is the meaning of ' crème de la crème' ?  

"crème de la crème"
crème de la crème (uncountable)

Mean:
1. Best of the best; something superlative. The very best.
 
Usage:
1. Facebook and Instagram are still the crème de la crème when it comes to social media ad spend thanks to its tremendous scale and unmatched targeting capabilities, according to media buyers.
2. Keyword research is undeniably the crème de la crème of local search.
3. This was the top of the madmen's organization; these three were the creme de la creme of the Normal human's real enemies.
4. It was the fashion among the creme de la creme to keep aloof from him.
5. There was present the creme de la creme of the city's society.

 Synonyms
- cream of the crop
- best of the best
- pick of the crop
 

 

What is the meaning of  'gravitas' ?

‘gravitas’ 
Let's see first How the word ‘gravitas’ is  pronounced
The ‘a’ in the first and third syllables can be pronounced like the ‘a’ in ‘cat’, ‘bat’ and ‘sat’. The ‘i’ in the second sounds like the ‘i’ in ‘bit’, ‘sit’ and ‘hit’. One way of pronouncing the word is ‘GRA-vi-tas’ with the stress on the first syllable. It comes from the Latin ‘gravitas’ meaning ‘weight, heaviness’.

Mean:
Nowadays, the word is usually used to refer to an individual’s demeanour; his serious appearance and the way he behaves with others compel them to treat him with respect.

Usage:
1) The new Vice Chancellor has an air of gravitas about her.
2) Varun lacks the gravitas required to become a CEO.
 

What is the meaning of  ' pooh-pooh' ?

‘pooh-pooh’

How to pronounce:
The ‘ooh’ in the two words are pronounced like the ‘ue’ in ‘blue’, ‘clue’ and ‘glue’. When pronounced, it is the second ‘pooh’ that gets the main stress: pooh-POOH.
Mean:
When somebody makes a suggestion and you pooh-pooh it, what you are doing is dismissing it. You are of the opinion that the suggestion is rather foolish, and therefore, people should not waste time even considering it. This informal expression carries with it the sense that you have total contempt for the individual’s suggestion.

Usage:
1. At the meeting, the teacher pooh-poohed many of the ideas put forward by the students.
2. If my boss pooh-poohs my revised proposal, I’m going to quit.
 

What is the meaning of 'pogrom' ?

' Pogrom'
pogrom (plural pogroms)

Mean:
1. A riot aimed at persecution or massacre of a particular ethnic or religious group, usually Jews.
2. An antisemitic hate crime with a large death toll, irrespective of the number of perpetrators.
3. Riot with the intent to massacre or terrorize a certain group.
4. To persecute or massacre a particular group of people.

Usage:
1. The famines and pogroms in 19th-century Eastern Europe forced many Jewish refugees to emigrate.
2. That pogrom followed allegations that a Muslim mob had been responsible for the deaths of Hindu activists.
3. The book focuses on the Kielce pogrom, the murder of more than 40 Jews by local Poles in July 1946.
4. The way some of his colleagues told it afterward, he nearly started a pogrom.
5. It will be a greater blow than would be a dozen pogroms.
 

What is the meaning of 'Spurn' ?

' Spurn '
spurn (plural spurns)

As a Noun
Mean:

1. An act of spurning; a scornful rejection.
2. A kick; a blow with the foot.
3. (obsolete) Disdainful rejection; contemptuous treatment.
4. (mining) A body of coal left to sustain an overhanging mass.

As a Verb
Mean:

spurn (spurns, present participle spurning; past and past participle spurned)

1. To reject disdainfully; contemn; scorn.
2. To reject something by pushing it away with the foot.
3. To waste; fail to make the most of (an opportunity)
4. To kick or toss up the heels.

Usage:
1. All attempts by the Socialists to woo him back were spurned. Similar overtures from the right have likewise been rejected.
2. The internal aim lies not to be enthral of things and to spurn the force.
3. The president spurned the tight security surrounding him and adopted a more intimate style of campaigning.
4. We should spurn at the difficulties but not look down upon them.
5. The complicated misanthropy which enabled him, his interpreters declared, to love the public and spurn humanity, did not preclude certain trifling investigation of the tenderer emotions.
 

 
What is the meaning of ' sine qua non ' ?  
' sine qua non '
sine qua non ( Noun)
​​​
Pronunciation
sɪni kwɑ ˈnɑn

Mean: 
Sine qua non is an indispensable element, condition, or ingredient.
It was originally a Latin legal term for "[a condition] without which it could not be", "but for...", or "without which [there is] nothing."

Synonyms: prerequisite

Usage:
1. The control of inflation is a sine qua non for economic stability.
2. Prevention of depression and inflation remains a sine qua non for economic security.
3. Strength of character is the sine qua non of leadership.
4. Some land reforms have embraced soil conservation as a sine qua non of long term productivity gains by land reform beneficiaries.
5. In the art of puBlic speaking, clear diction is a sine qua non.

 

 

What is the meaning of  ' Rectitude ' ?  

" Rectitude "
Pronunciation: 
The first syllable rhymes with ‘peck’, ‘neck’ and ‘check’, while the vowel in the second, sounds like the ‘i’ in ‘tip’, ‘sip’ and ‘dip’. The ‘tu’ in the final syllable sounds like the ‘tu’ in ‘tune’, ‘tumour’ and ‘tutor’. One way of pronouncing the word is ‘RECK-ti-tyood’, with the stress on the first syllable. It comes from the Latin ‘rectus’ meaning ‘straight’ or ‘right’.

Nowadays, the word is mostly used to refer to a person’s character. When you say that an individual is a model of rectitude, what you are suggesting is that he is honest, straightforward, and thinks and behaves in a way that is morally acceptable. These are the qualities that people the world over expect their leaders to have — unfortunately, in most cases, it is nothing more than wishful thinking!

Rectitude (Noun)

Mean:
1. Straightness; the state or quality of having a constant direction and not being crooked or bent.
2. The fact or quality of being right or correct; correctness of opinion or judgement.
3. Conformity to the rules prescribed for moral conduct; (moral) uprightness, virtue.

Synonyms
honesty, integrity, morality
(straightness; state or quality of having a constant direction)

Usage:
1. My grandparents led a life of selfless moral rectitude.
2. Don’t be fooled by his easy-going attitude. He’s a man of steely rectitude.
3. An austere man of unquestioned moral rectitude, Nava inspired deep devotion in those who worked for him.
4. Local worthies rarely challenged the rectitude of the chief constable.
5. Such rectitude, however, was very much the exception rather than the rule among the great powers.
6. Never go aside from the path of truth and rectitude.
7. They worry that he has strayed from the path of fiscal rectitude.
8. A man in the right relies easily on his rectitude and therefore goes about unarmed.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' nimble ' ?  

" nimble "

Nimble  (Adjective)
(comparative nimbler, superlative nimblest)

Mean:
1. Adept at taking or grasping
nimble fingers
2. Quick and light in movement or action.
He was too nimble for the assailant and easily escaped his grasp.
3. Quick-witted and alert.
She has a nimble mind and can improvise in any situation.

Synonym: active, agile, fast, light, quick, speedy, swift.
Antonyms: sluggish

Usage:
1. She was extremely nimble on her feet.
2. Her nimble fingers undid the knot in seconds.
3. You need nimble fingers for that job.
4. His nimble mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my computer.
5. He has a nimble tongue.
6. The dexterity and nimble balance of elite fencers can boggle the mind.
7. It most certainly lightened my step and made my fingers more nimble as we marched through the thick snow.
8. Self-awareness of roles and of the feelings evoked in interpersonal encounters is increasingly critical for the nimble entrepreneur.
 

What is the meaning of  'Kowtow ' ?  

" kowtow "
Meaning:
'knock the head’. When you ‘kowtow’, you go down on your knees and touch the ground/floor with your forehead.
Nowadays, in everyday conversation, ‘kowtow’ is mostly used as a verb. When you accuse someone of ‘kowtowing’ to their boss, what you are suggesting is that he is a pushover — he shows too much respect for the person in power, does what he has been asked to without raising any questions. The word also carries the suggestion that the individual is eager to please in order to gain something.

Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/
The two syllables rhyme with ‘how’, ‘cow and ‘now’; the word is pronounced ‘cow-TOW’ with the stress on the second syllable.

Verb
kowtow (kowtows, present participle kowtowing; past and past participle kowtowed)

1. (intransitive) To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground.
2. (intransitive) To bow very deeply. 
3. (intransitive, figuratively) To act in a very submissive manner.
Usage:
1) Be polite, but don't kowtow to him.
2) I refuse to kowtow to anyone.
3) We will not kowtow to the government.
4) And it was not necessarily praiseworthy to kowtow to the government's desire to avoid legislation.
5) All the servants had to kowtow to the emperor when he entered the room.
6) He's a brave man. I m sure he will not kowtow to the enemy.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' Vindicate' ?  

"Vindicate"
Meaning:
1. show to be right by providing justification or proof
2. maintain, uphold, or defend
3. clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt with supporting proof.
Verb
vindicate (vindicates, present participle vindicating; past and past participle vindicated)

Mean:
1. To clear of an accusation, suspicion or criticism.
2. To vindicate someone's honor
3. To justify by providing evidence.
4. To vindicate a right, claim or title
5. To maintain or defend (a cause) against opposition.
6. To vindicate the rights of labor movement in developing countries
7. To provide justification for.
8. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim.
9.To liberate; to set free; to deliver.
10.To avenge; to punishSynonym: acquit, excuse, forgive, justify, pardon, uphold.

Usage:
1. The report fully vindicated the unions.
2. The director said he had been vindicated by the experts' report.
3. The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper.
4. The decision to advertise has been vindicated by the fact that sales have grown.
5. He would immortalize Jack and vindicate himself from his culpable grief by becoming what Jack would have been.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' Jaunty ' ?  

"Jaunty"

When you refer to someone as being ‘jaunty’, what you are suggesting is that he is very cheerful or upbeat most of the time.
This cheerfulness is there for everyone to see — it may be reflected in the way the person walks or in the stylish manner he dresses.

The word comes from the French ‘janty’ meaning ‘elegant, stylish’.
In addition to his cheerfulness, a jaunty individual is also someone who is very confident about himself. He is a happy individual and he wants the world to know it. Unlike ‘happiness’, ‘jauntiness’ cannot be hidden; it is there for everyone to see.

Jaunty (Noun)
Jaunty (plural jaunties)
Jaunty(Adjective)

Jaunty (comparative jauntier, superlative jauntiest)

Mean:
1. Airy; showy; finical.
2. Characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.
3. Dapper or stylish.
4. Ostentatiously self-confident.

Usage:
1. He had a jaunty walk.
2. Her hat was set at a jaunty angle.
3. Her hat was cocked at a jaunty angle.
4. The happy boy walked with jaunty steps.
5. Guess where the jaunty streams refresh themselves.
6. Some people consider their journey like a jaunty tour.
7. The happy children walked with jaunty steps.
8. The happy boy walked with jaunty steps.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' Peregrination ' ?  

"Peregrination"
Peregrination ( Noun )
Mean:
A travel or Journey, especially by foot, notably by a pilgrim
peregrinate ( Verb )
peregrinate (peregrinates, present participle peregrinating; past and past participle peregrinated)
Mean:
1. To travel from place to place, or from one country to another,  especially on foot; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.
2. To travel through a specific place.
peregrinate ( Adjective)
Mean:
1. (rare) Peregrine; having travelled; exotic, foreign.

Peregrinator
Mean:
One Who travel from place to place, or from one country to another.
Usage:
1. His peregrinations took him to India and China.
2. His peregrinations of the islands at election time were always diverting public entertainments.
3. In truth, these peregrinations required the talents of a mountain goat.
4. His peregrinations round the countryside continued, often accompanied by disturbance.
5. He experienced different cultures during his peregrination.
 

 

What is the meaning of  ' Exigency ' ?  

" Exigency "

Exigency (Noun)
Mean:
1. (mostly, in the plural) The demands or requirements of a situation.
2. An urgent situation, one requiring extreme effort or attention.
Exigent ( Adjective)
Mean: Urgent; needing immediate action.

Synonyms:
exigence
necessity
urgency

1. The people have to accept the harsh exigency of war.
2. Economic exigency obliged the government to act.
3. The people had to accept the harsh exigencies of war.
4. Many people are forced by exigencies of circumstance to take some part in them.
5. He also depended on women to deal with the exigencies of daily living while he wrote.
 

What is the meaning of  'Wanton' ?  

" Wanton"
Wanton (Adjective)
wanton (comparative wantoner, superlative wantonest)
Mean:
1. Undisciplined, unruly; not able to be controlled.
2. Playful, sportive; merry or carefree.
3. Lewd, immoral; sexually open, unchaste.
4. Capricious, reckless of morality, justice etc.; acting without regard for the law or the well-being of others; gratuitous.
5. Extravagant, unrestrained, excessive.

Synonyms
- undisciplined)
- playful,frolicsome, playful
- lewd, lustful, unchaste
- (capriciously violent) inhumane, callous, merciless
- (luxuriant) extravagant, lavish, luxuriant, prodigal, unrestrained

Verb:
wanton (wantons, present participle wantoning; past and past participle wantoned)
1. To rove and ramble without restraint, rule, or limit; to revel; to play loosely; to frolic.
2. To waste or squander, especially in pleasure (most often with away).
3. (intransitive) To act wantonly; to be lewd or lascivious.

Usage:
1. The tension between them was destroyed with such wanton savagery that Melanie fell limply back and struggled with tears.
2. We will stop the wanton sale of school playing fields and ensure that sport takes its proper place within the curriculum.
3. Her gestures and postures became more wanton and provocative.
4. A wanton woman prefers brawn to brains.
5. She is living in wanton luxury.
6. It was wanton, moronic vandalism.
7. Pop music is glitzy, wanton, and problematic.
 

 
What is the meaning of  ' Conglomerate ' ?  
"Conglomerate"
Noun
conglomerate (plural conglomerates)
1. A cluster of heterogeneous things.
2. (business) A corporation formed by the combination of several smaller corporations whose activities are unrelated to the corporation's primary activity.
3. (geology) A rock consisting of gravel or pebbles embedded in a matrix.
Adjective
conglomerate
1. Clustered together into a mass.
conglomerate flowers
2. (geology) Composed of fragments of rock, pebbles, or stones cemented together.
Verb
conglomerate
(conglomerates, present participle conglomerating; past and past participle conglomerated)
1. To combine together into a larger mass.
2. To combine together into a larger corporation.
Usage:
1. Vertical integration of media conglomerates adds pressure to the marketplace and the creative process.
2. When you start talking about large conglomerates publishing fewer books, it makes people nervous, because it smacks of censorship.
3. The growth of financial conglomerates, however, has caused insider dealing to be a more urgent and immediate problem.
4. Three giant mining conglomerates are moving ahead in three pristine locations.
5. In the mid-1980s the big financial conglomerates muscled into the market.
6. Much of the head-office slashing now going on is an attempt by conglomerates to act like specialists - while remaining conglomerates.

 

What is the meaning of  ' Dilettante ' ?  
"Dilettante"

Dilettante (plural dilettanti)
Mean:
1. An amateur, someone who dabbles in a field out of casual interest rather than as a profession or serious interest.
Synonyms: amateur, dabbler
Antonyms: professional
2. (sometimes, offensive) A person with a general but superficial interest in any art or a branch of knowledge.
Adjective
dilettante
1. Pertaining to or like a dilettante.

Usage:
1. I know that I will always be a dilettante by comparison.
2. I'm too serious to be a dilettante and too much a dabbler to be a professional.
3. Dilettante: a philanderer who seduces the several arts and letters each in turn for another.
4.The drug is still occasionally used experimentally by scientists, psychiatrists, and philosophers, as well as by dilettante drug takers.
 

What is the meaning of  ' Traduce ' ?  

" Traduce "
Verb
traduce (traduces, present participle traducing; past and past participle traduced)

Mean:
1. To malign a person or entity by making malicious and false or defamatory statements.
2. To pass on (to one's children, future generations etc.)
3. To pass into another form of expression; to rephrase, to translate.

Synonyms:
(malign or defamatory statements) defame, libel, slander

Usage:

(1) He traduced his friend's character.
(2) You are traducing our principle.
(3) It is not easy to traduce his character.
(4) We have been traduced in the press as xenophobic bigots.
(5) You could fill a book with such hair-curling true stories of blighted lives and justice traduced.
(6) What would have happened if the man who had been traduced and vilified had been a village schoolmaster?

What is the meaning of  ' Machiavellian ' ?  
" Machiavellian " 
 Machiavellian (plural Machiavellians)

Noun 
Mean:
A ruthless schemer.

Adjective
Machiavellian
Attempting to achieve goals by cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous methods, especially in politics or in advancing one's career.
It is Machiavellian, in the sense that it revolves around the question of how to maintain power.

Machiavellianism
A political philosophy, based on the writings of Machiavelli, especially The Prince, that advocates the use of ruthlessness and duplicity in political dealings.
Synonyms: realpolitik, Machiavellism
Any ruthless, duplicitous behavior.

Etymology
From the name of the Italian statesman and writer Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), whose work The Prince (1532) advises that acquiring and exercising power may require unethical methods.

Usage:
1. A Machiavellian plot was suspected.
2. We need to ask whether the interest in Machiavellian behaviour is detracting from the positive side of political activity.
3. Machiavellian and manipulative, the Lords are often maligned.
4. That is financial engineering at its most Machiavellian.
5. The board's Machiavellian manoeuvres had given him little choice but to quit.
6. At any rate, that is a question the truly Machiavellian leader would decline to answer and publicly condemn.
7. "All politics grows out of the barrel of a gun," as a famous twentieth-century Machiavellian once put it.
8. Think of the colossal nerve of the man - the Machiavellian subtlety of his brain.
9. This seems to be and is, clearly, a kind of classic statement of sheer Machiavellian power politics.
 

 

  What is the meaning of 'hue and cry' ?  

 

' hue and cry'
hue and cry (uncountable)
Mean :
1. loud and persistent outcry from many people
2. The public pursuit of a criminal, accompanied by shouts to warn others to give chase.
3. A loud and persistent public clamour, especially one associated with protest or the making of some demand.
4. In common law, a hue and cry is a process by which bystanders are summoned to assist in the apprehension of a criminal who has been witnessed in the act of committing a crime.
Usage:
1. A terrific hue and cry is raised against the new tax proposal.
2. The press raised a hue and cry against Feds spying into other people's business through wire - tapping.
3. He had the right to arrest all poachers found within his bailiwick, and to raise the hue and cry upon them.
4.  Limping across the courtyard he was noticed by the sentry who promptly raised a hue and cry.
5. Weapons fanciers among US bloggers and commentators are raising a hue and cry against using the Virginia episode as another argument for gun control.
6. The lenient sentence passed on the convicted rapist caused such a hue and cry that questions were asked in the House of Commons and many people demanded a change in the law.
Synonym: clamor, clamoring, clamour, clamouring.
 

 
What is the meaning of  ' Helm' ?  

"helm"
Noun
helm (plural helms)
Mean:
1. The steering apparatus of a ship, especially the tiller or wheel.
Synonyms: tiller, wheel
2. The member of the crew in charge of steering the boat.
Synonyms: helmsman
3. A position of leadership or control. the helm of the Commonwealth
4. One at the place of direction or control; a guide; a director.
Verb :
helm (helms, present participle helming; past and past participle helmed)
1. To be a helmsman or a member of the helm; to be in charge of steering the boat.|
2. To lead (a project, etc.).
Usage:
1. He was determined to helm the exhibition.
2. The helm evolved gradually from the conical Norman helmet, ear flaps being added.
3. Thrusting the helm hard over, he shot clear of the motor yacht's wind-shadow.
4. He and his three-piece combo will helm the nine-week tour, visiting 41 cities.
5. After Smith's departure, his deputy Nick Logan began a glittering career at the helm.
6. I doubt very much a mild-mannered Captain Stubing is at the helm of that ship.
7. I have decided that now is the time to retire as Captain and that some one else should take the helm.

 What is the meaning of  ' Baroque' ?  

" baroque "

baroque  ( Adjective )

Mean:
1. Ornate, intricate, decorated, laden with detail.

2. Complex and beautiful, despite an outward irregularity.

3. Chiseled from stone, or shaped from wood, in a garish, crooked, twisted, or slanted sort of way, grotesque.

4. Embellished with figures and forms such that every level of relief gives way to more details and contrasts.

5. (arts, music) From or characteristic of the Baroque period.

Proper noun:

1. (arts, music) A period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE, known for its abundance of drama, rich color, and extensive ornamentation.

 

baroque (comparative baroquer, superlative baroquest)

Usage:

1. Such decoration was a typical feature of the baroque period.

2. The baroque church of San Leonardo is worth a quick look.

3. Often this effort achieves its end as baroque comedy.

4. Despite the expensive-looking Baroque decor and the pianist, this place serves cheap pizzas and the like.

5. In their opening up of public space, Baroque planners organized vast vistas in order to highlight central monumental features.

6. The buildings in the courtyard are late Baroque, but on your right you will see some remains of the Romanesque building.

7. The shadowy interior is a sensuous baroque mix of gilt and candle wax.

8. The eastern windows are obscured by a vast Baroque altarpiece.

9. Baroque music was part of a broader cultural movement that affected all the arts.

10. Here are fine reminders of the tenacity of the Baroque style.

 

What is the meaning of  ' Gauche' ?  

" gauche "
 

Gauche (Adjective)

 

Mean:
1. Awkward or lacking in social graces; bumbling.

2. Seeking by vulgar pomp and gauche display

3. In 'good society', to make her way
4. (mathematics, archaic) Skewed, not plane.

5. (chemistry) Describing a torsion angle of 60°.

Usage:
1. She looked a trifle gauche, it struck me; more like a country girl with the hoyden taming in her than the well-bred creature she is.

2. "He's a trifle gauche" said Lady Hammergallow, jumping upon the Vicar's attention. "He neither bows nor smiles. He must cultivate oddities like that. Every successful executant is more or less gauche."

3. It would be gauche to mention the price.

4. She had grown from a gauche teenager to a self-assured young woman.

5. She knew she would be gauche and awkward.

6. I find him terribly gauche.

7. I never discuss money. It's gauche.

8. He blamed his shyness and gauche manner on his upbringing, as the only child of elderly parents.

9. He now seems gauche and uninteresting.

Synonyms :(lacking in social graces) graceless, tactless, unsophisticated, unpolished, gawky
Antonyms :(lacking in social graces) adroit
 

What is the meaning of ' zenith ' ?  

"zenith"
zenith (plural zeniths)
Mean
1. The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir.
2. The highest point in the sky reached by a celestial body.
3. Highest point or state; peak.

Synonyms: acme, apogee, culmination, pinnacle acme, crest, crown, peak, pinnacle, summit, tip, top.
Antonyms: nadir, perigee,

Usage:
1. The sun reaches its zenith at midday.
2. It reached the zenith of its glory.


What is the meaning of 'Steal a march' ?  

'Steal a march'  
Mean:
Obtain an advantage over a rival or opponent

Usage: 
1.By winning the contract to supply medicines to such a large hospital, we have stolen a temporary march over our main business competitors.

Origin: 
From the Middle Ages, when armies tried to move troops by night, without the enemy’s knowledge, and thus gaining the element of surprise.

IDIOM:     Tickled pink/to death  

"Tickled pink/to death"
  
Mean: highly amused or delighted
Usage:She was tickled to death to meet her old friend after all these years.  
Origin: The suffusion of pinkness implies laughter and good humour.

 

What is the meaning of ' None the worse for wear ' ?

‘none the worse for wear’

Some people when they have a bad experience are unable to forget about it. They are haunted by it for the rest of their life; it affects them adversely.
In the case of some others, the bad experience has no impact on them.
When you say that someone was none the worse for wear, what you mean is that the experience did not harm him in any way. The individual was not emotionally or physically scarred.

 

Usage
1.Rahul returned my car after six weeks. It was none the worse for wear.

2.The Yoga teacer made the children practise in the hot sun. They were, however, none the worse for wear.

What is the meaning of 'meltdown ' ?

‘meltdown’
The expression ‘meltdown’ is mostly used in informal contexts. When an individual has a ‘meltdown’, he becomes very upset about something.”

“Usually when people get upset, they shout at others.”

“That’s right! A meltdown suggests an emotional outburst of some kind. You could either shout at somebody or break down because...”

“In other words, the person is no longer in control of his emotions. He loses his self-control.

 

Usage:

1. Serena had a major meltdown during the recent US Open final.”

2. I’m sure Rahul has a meltdown every now and then.”

3. When I was young, my father used to have a major meltdown whenever he saw my report card.

 

What is the meaning of 'circle the wagons ' ?

 

‘circle the wagons’

It is mostly used in informal contexts in American English.

The expression ‘circle the wagons’ has several different meanings; but its primary meaning seems to be ‘to unite in defence’.
When you ‘circle the wagons’, you prepare yourself from an imminent attack; you and those around you unite in an attempt to defend what is or what you consider to be yours.

 

Usage :

1. When the media attacked the Minister, party members started circling the wagons.

2. Vikash wants to open a bar very close to a school. I think the parents need to work together to circle the wagons.

 

 

What is the meaning of 'read the riot act ' ?

‘ read the riot act ’
The expression ‘read the riot act’ is mostly used in British English to mean to reprimand someone; you speak angrily to a person about the wrong he has done, and warn him of consequences.

Nowadays, the expression is mostly used to mean to criticise or scold a person quite severely. It is used to show disapproval.

 

Usage:

1. The teacher read the riot act to the three students who walked in late.
2. Mother read me the riot act when she caught me smoking.

 

What is the meaning of 'Cellfish ' ?

‘Cellfish’
This word is a combination of ‘cell phone’ and ‘selfish’. When people get a call on their cell phone, they sometimes get so involved in their conversation that they forget their surroundings.
We have seen drivers stop their vehicle in the middle of the road to answer the phone — ignoring the honking and swearing of their fellow drivers behind them.
In our country, some people, as soon they board the train, take out their cell phone and proceed to talk loudly. These individuals are not really bothered if they are disturbing those around them.

Using the cell phone in this manner, when you completely disregard the wishes and feelings of those around you, is described as ‘cellfish’.

What is the meaning of 'Cliche ' ?

 

'Cliché'

An overworked phrase can often be commonplace and hackneyed.

OMG for Oh My God and LOL for Laugh Out Loud are such common expressions these days.

You hear them so often that they have lost their originality and are not fun any more. They are clichés.

Clichés are terms or phrases that have been so overused that they have become boring and repetitive. These words were probably striking and thought-provoking when they first came into use. However, as they started to catch on, they have turned into clichés.

 

Example

1. When somebody says, “My mother is more of a friend to me,” it no longer sounds impressive because it’s such a common expression, or in other words, a cliché.

2. Other phrases that are cliché are old is gold, easy as a pie, All is well, Work is worship etc.

Just because a phrase is overused and therefore a cliché , it doesn’t mean it isn’t true. It’s just that it loses its appeal because of over usage.

 

What is the meaning of 'Slipshod' ?

 

“Slipshod”
 “When you say that a piece of work is slipshod, what you’re suggesting is that it hasn’t been well thought out or executed. It’s crude and full of mistakes.

Usage:
1. The new manager was fired when he made a slipshod presentation at the board meeting.”

2. “The assignment we submitted was slipshod. We’ve been asked to redo it.”

3. “Praveen is a wonderful carpenter. But whatever you do, never hurry him. If you do, he gets angry and does a slipshod job.”

What is the meaning of 'nip and tuck ' ?

‘nip and tuck’s

The expression ‘nip and tuck’ is mostly limited to American English; it has more or less the same meaning as ‘neck and neck’.
When you say that a game is nip and tuck, what you are suggesting is that the two teams are evenly matched. It will therefore be difficult to predict which team will win; the game is too close to call.

 

Usage:

1. I can’t say which political party will win. It’s nip and tuck right now.

2. It was nip and tuck till the fifteenth over. After that, Rohit Sharma exploded.

 

The expression ‘nip and tuck’ is frequently used to refer to plastic or cosmetic surgery.

3. Look at the lines on my forehead. Do you think I need a little nip and tuck?

What is the difference between 'Euphoric and Elated ' ?

‘euphoric’ and ‘elated’

In both cases, you are very happy and excited about something that has happened or is about to happen. ‘Euphoric’ suggests that you are overly happy, and the contentment that you are feeling is temporary; it is going to be short-lived. The word comes from the Greek ‘euphoros’ meaning ‘borne well, healthy’. It was first used to refer to the temporary sense of well-being that drugs and medicines induced in a patient. When you are ‘elated’ about something, you are extremely happy about it; you are absolutely delighted with the success or the good fortune that has come your way. It is not a case of exaggerated happiness.

Usage:
1. Smrti’s parents were elated when she was made captain.
2. The players were euphoric after winning the championship.

What is the meaning of 'printer's devil' ?

 ‘printer's devil'

It is not uncommon for people to refer to the errors that one finds in a printed manuscript or a book as ‘printer's devils'.

A quick glance at the Internet shows that people across the globe, not just in India, use this expression to mean ‘printer's errors'. Funnily enough, standard dictionaries do not list this as one of the possible meanings of the term. They all define ‘printer's devil' as a ‘printer's apprentice'; this individual, usually a very young boy, worked in a printer's office and performed several tasks. In addition to being an errand boy, he was also in charge of sweeping the office, and washing the black ink off the ink rollers. This often resulted in his clothes and some parts of the body becoming black. Since the devil was associated with all things black, the poor apprentice began to be called ‘printer's devil'. Some well-known printer's devils were Mark Twain, Benjamin Franklin and Walt Whitman.

According to another theory, Titivillus, a demon who worked for the devil, haunted every printing press. When a page had been typeset, this mischievous spirit created havoc by rearranging letters in words and sometimes removing an entire line. The errors that showed up in the final product were often blamed on the poor apprentice!

What is the meaning of 'breeze in' ?

Let us understand this with following conversation.

“Where’s the mask? Aren’t you supposed to be wearing one when you step outside?”

“It’s in my pocket. I was wearing it till I entered your apartment building.”

“That’s a relief. I thought the security guard had allowed you to breeze in without one.”

 

“Let me breeze in without a mask? Does it mean enter the building?”

“Not exactly. When you ‘breeze in’, you enter a place in a very carefree manner. You walk in quickly and confidently. You’re sure no one is going to stop you.
Here’s an example: As usual, the young teacher breezed in 20 minutes late.”

 

“How about this example? The manager breezed in and started ordering people around.”

“Sounds good. It’s also possible to say ‘breeze into’. The students breezed into the auditorium and occupied every chair.”

 

“The ageing candidate breezed into the room and shook hands with everyone. Tell me, does the expression ‘breeze out’ exist? Is it frequently used?”

“People do use it. When you ‘breeze out’ of a place, you exit quickly; often, unexpectedly. Mahesh breezed out of the room without thanking his host.”

“That’s to be expected, I guess. Many of my classmates breeze into college late, and they breeze out whenever they feel like.”

 

What is the difference between 'Epidemic and Pandemic ' ?

 ‘epidemic’ and ‘pandemic’

It’s the spread

“First of all, the stress is on ‘dem’ in both words. The words are pronounced ‘e-pi-DEM-ic’ and ‘pan-DEM-ic’. In both cases, you’re talking about a disease that has affected a large number of people. What’s more, it spreads quickly from one person to another.”

Can the two words be used interchangeably? 

“No, not really. When you refer to a disease as being an ‘epidemic’, what you’re suggesting is that it’s localised.
For example, when COVID-19 started spreading from Wuhan to the rest of China, it was still being referred to as an epidemic.”

“Because it was localised. The virus was basically a problem for the people in China.”

“Exactly! The spread was limited to China. But once it crossed the borders of China and spread to other countries and other continents...”

“It became a problem for the entire world. The virus became ‘pandemic’. So basically when an epidemic spreads over a relatively large area, it becomes pandemic.”

“I guess you could say that! A pandemic is an epidemic that travels great distances.
The World Health Organisation defines it as ‘the worldwide spread of a new disease’.”“Let’s just hope COVID-19 stops spreading.”

What is the meaning of 'stump speech' ?

‘stump speech’

This expression of American origin appears quite frequently in our newspapers and magazines because of the Presidential race taking place in the United States.

A ‘stump speech’ is the standard political speech given by a candidate when he is campaigning. Since candidates are constantly on the move and give speeches in several towns in a day, it is very difficult for them to come up with a new one for every town. They merely recycle their old one; each individual has a standard speech that he uses wherever he goes. The name of the town and the names of people who need to be thanked are the only changes he makes.

Such speeches are called ‘stump speeches’ because in the 18th and 19th centuries, candidates stood on the stump of a chopped down tree to make a speech. Americans use the expression ‘on the stump’ to mean ‘on the campaign trail’.

What is the meaning of 'frazzle ' ?

 ‘frazzle'
Mean:
This word which rhymes with ‘razzle' and ‘dazzle' is mostly used in informal contexts to mean ‘completely exhausted' or ‘completely burnt'. It can be used both as a noun and an adjective.

Usage:
1. Shalini had worn herself to a frazzle looking after her ailing father.
2. By the time Veda got off the phone, the curry had been burnt to a frazzle.
3. Rajan looked frazzled before the meeting with his boss.

What is the meaning of 'gubernatorial ' ?

 ‘gubernatorial'
Let's deal with the pronunciation of the word first. The ‘u' is like the ‘oo' in ‘pool', ‘cool', and ‘ fool, and the following ‘e' and ‘a' are like the ‘a' in ‘china'. The ‘o' in the fourth syllable sounds like the ‘au' in ‘caught', ‘naught', and ‘taught'.

Mean:
The word, meaning ‘of or relating to governor', is pronounced ‘goo-be-ne-TAU-ri-el' with the stress on the fourth syllable.
The Indian media are extremely fond of this word. It comes from the Latin ‘gubernare' meaning ‘to steer or govern'. Gubernatorial is mostly used in American English.

Usage:
1. It is difficult to predict which party will win the gubernatorial elections.

What is the meaning of 'acting pricey' ?

 ‘acting pricey’

Mean:
This expression is heard only in India, and it is used to mean ‘to play hard to get’. When you begin to act pricey, you become a kind of snob; you refuse to make time for your friends.
You seem less interested in the people you were close to earlier — at least, that is the impression you give. No matter how many times someone calls, you refuse to respond.

Usage:

1. I don’t understand why Saurabh is acting so pricey all of a sudden.
2. If Mahesh tries to act pricey, tell him to go jump in a lake.

What is the meaning of 'deuce in tennis ' ?

‘deuce’ in tennis 

You have probably been watching the French Open on TV! The scoring system in tennis makes use of some unusual terms — two of them being, ‘love’ and ‘deuce’.
A tennis match usually begins after the umpire has said ‘love all’. By this, he does not mean that he wants the two players to like or love each other.
In this case, the word ‘love’ has nothing to do with the emotion we normally feel when we like someone a lot. In the context of tennis, the word ‘love’ comes from the French ‘l’oeuf’ meaning ‘an egg’. In many sports, the egg is frequently used to symbolise ‘zero’.

In cricket, for example, when a batsman gets out for a zero, we usually say he was out for a ‘duck’. Therefore in tennis, when the umpire shouts ‘love all’, what he means is that the score is ‘zero all’ — neither player has scored a point.

The word ‘deuce’, on the other hand, is used when the scores are level; it suggests that the two players have scored three points each in the game. In order to win the game, one of the players has to score two consecutive points. This idea that a player has to win two points in a row is captured by the word ‘deuce’. It is a corruption of the French ‘deux’, meaning ‘two’.

What is the meaning of 'vexed question' ?

‘vexed question’

What is the difference between 'Country and nation ' ?

'Country and nation '
Many people tend to use the words interchangeably nowadays. Careful users of the language, however, maintain a distinction between the two.

A ‘country' is often defined as a self-governing political entity; it is mostly used to refer to the geographical characteristics of a State.
A ‘nation', on the other hand, is mostly used when talking about the people. When you talk about a nation, you are referring to the tightly-knit group of people who often share a common culture and history.
The word is seldom used to refer to a place. India is a large country, but a poor nation. Since the people living in different parts of South America share a common language, and a common culture, it is possible to talk about the nations of South America. A country may consist of many nations.

For example:

Take the case of the Soviet Union.
Before it broke up, it was one big country containing many nations.

 

What is the meaning of  'scaremonger'  ?
‘scaremonger'

Mean:

' frugal and stingy '
 

Both words tell us something about the manner in which a person spends his money.
Of the two, ‘stingy' has a negative connotation.

A ‘stingy' individual is someone who has money, but is very reluctant to part with it. He is a miser; he doesn't like to spend money on himself or on others. He is reluctant to spend money on things are essential as well. Ebenezer Scrooge in Charles Dickens' classic ‘A Christmas Carol' was a stingy person.

A ‘frugal' person, on the other hand, is someone who is very careful in the way he handles money; he ensures that he does not waste any of it. The word comes from the Latin ‘frux' meaning ‘fruit' or ‘produce'. A ‘frugal' individual ensures that the fruits of his labour don't go to waste, but unlike a stingy person, he is willing to spend on things that are necessary. Frugal is a much more positive word than ‘stingy'. The word can also be used with food and clothes. When you say that you had a ‘frugal lunch', it means you had a simple lunch.

Usage:

Anurag was too stingy to tip the waiter.

Ganesh has never been known to be frugal with his money.

 

 

What is the meaning of ' walk the talk ' ?

 

1. Anurag was late because he got caught in the maelstrom of early morning traffic.

2. Dilip’s face remained wooden, but inside he was experiencing a maelstrom of emotions.

 

Do You know?

What is the meaning of 'red eye ' ?

You may think it is angry but no, it is not. The expression you have in mind is ‘to see red’ — it means to be extremely angry.
The term ‘red eye’ is used to refer to late night flights that people take to reach their destination by early morning.
The fares on these flights are usually cheaper. It is called ‘red eye’ because the passenger’s eyes are usually red due to lack of sleep.